Alaska Range
A high-latitude mountain arc shaped by active faults, central massifs, valley glaciers, river headwaters, and a strong climate divide.
Mountain Hub
Mountain systems, peaks, and high plateaus.
The mountain hub collects major ranges, elevated landforms, and cryosphere-linked uplands. It supports records focused on relief, elevation, glaciers, source basins, and the structure of linked highland regions.
Lead Records
Start with the atlas anchors
These pages give the mountain section a stable spine and enough depth to support future additions like volcanic arcs, plateaus, and alpine basins.
Alps
A compact European highland system known for classic alpine landforms, glaciation, and major watershed divides.
Altai Mountains
An inner Asian highland system linking glaciated massifs, Ob and Irtysh headwaters, enclosed basins, and strong continental climate gradients.
Andes
A continental-scale cordillera linking volcanic belts, altiplano basins, Pacific margins, and sharp climatic contrasts.
Apennine Mountains
Italy's peninsular mountain chain, linking fold-and-thrust relief, limestone massifs, karst basins, divided drainage, and Mediterranean climate contrasts.
Appalachian Mountains
An eastern North American upland system shaped by ancient folds, long ridges, dissected plateaus, and divided drainage.
Atlas Mountains
A North African range where uplift, Mediterranean influence, and desert-margin transitions meet along a complex mountain belt.
Balkan Mountains
A southeastern European mountain chain linking fold-and-thrust relief, Danube and Aegean drainage, cross-range gorges, and strong climate contrasts.
Brooks Range
An Arctic mountain system shaped by folded ridges, glacial valleys, permafrost, divided drainage, and a strong climate boundary.
Cantabrian Mountains
A northern Iberian coastal range linking steep seaward relief, limestone massifs, karst drainage, glacial landforms, and a strong Atlantic rain shadow.
Carpathian Mountains
A central and eastern European mountain arc framing the Pannonian Basin, Danube tributaries, high massifs, and forested ridges.
Cascade Range
A Pacific-margin mountain belt shaped by subduction volcanism, glaciated relief, snow-fed rivers, and a pronounced eastern rain shadow.
Caucasus Mountains
A high-relief mountain barrier between the Black and Caspian seas with glaciers, sharp elevation gradients, and major divides.
Central Mountain Range of New Guinea
New Guinea's axial highland chain, linking collisional relief, intermontane valleys, island-scale river divides, equatorial rainfall, and glacial landforms.
Coast Mountains
A Pacific coastal system of granitic massifs, icefields, fjords, cross-range rivers, heavy maritime precipitation, and an interior rain shadow.
Cordillera Blanca
A high Peruvian Andean range linking fault-bounded granite relief, tropical glaciers, glacial lakes, divided headwaters, and strong seasonal rainfall.
Dinaric Alps
An Adriatic mountain system linking parallel limestone ridges, high karst plateaus, underground drainage, deep valleys, and maritime-continental climate contrasts.
Drakensberg
A southern African escarpment and mountain region notable for basalt uplands, cliffed fronts, and plateau-edge relief.
Eastern Ghats
An ancient eastern Indian upland belt linking broken hill ranges, cross-cutting rivers, plateau margins, coastal plains, and changing monsoon controls.
Great Dividing Range
An eastern Australian upland system organizing escarpments, river catchments, and long stretches of elevated terrain.
Himalayas
A flagship mountain record tying together altitude, ice, river headwaters, and connected upland systems.
Hindu Kush
A high mountain system linking deep valleys, active relief, divided drainage, snow and ice, and the western Asian highlands.
Japanese Alps
A central Honshu mountain system linking three high ranges, active uplift, deep valleys, river divides, and contrasting maritime snowfall.
Karakoram
A severe high-mountain region where extreme relief, immense glaciers, and very high peaks dominate the landscape.
Kunlun Mountains
A northern Tibetan Plateau mountain system linking high massifs, glaciers, interior-basin headwaters, dry piedmonts, and active relief.
Pamir Mountains
A high inner Asian mountain knot linking sharp western relief, broad eastern basins, glaciers, and divided headwaters.
Pindus Mountains
Greece's northwest-southeast mountain spine, linking limestone and ophiolite massifs, deep gorges, divided headwaters, former glaciation, and an eastern rain shadow.
Pontic Mountains
A northern Anatolian mountain system linking steep Black Sea slopes, complex Pontide geology, cross-range rivers, glacial highlands, and a strong interior rain shadow.
Pyrenees
A Franco-Iberian range linking Atlantic and Mediterranean margins, glacial basins, drainage divides, and sharp climate contrasts.
Rocky Mountains
A North American mountain system linking continental divides, intermontane basins, plateaus, and major river headwaters.
Rwenzori Mountains
An equatorial East African fault-block range linking ancient crystalline massifs, deep valleys, glacial terrain, heavy rainfall, and Nile-basin headwaters.
Sayan Mountains
A southern Siberian mountain system linking Western and Eastern Sayan ranges, intermontane basins, glacial relief, and the upper Yenisei drainage network.
Scandinavian Mountains
A Nordic highland belt linking Caledonian structure, glacial plateaus, fjords, divided drainage, and strong west-east climate contrasts.
Sierra Madre Occidental
A western Mexican volcanic highland shaped by ignimbrite plateaus, faulted margins, deep barrancas, Pacific drainage, and summer monsoon rainfall.
Sierra Madre Oriental
An eastern Mexican fold-and-thrust belt linking limestone ridges, karst drainage, Gulf-facing slopes, plateau margins, and strong climate contrasts.
Sierra Nevada
A California range defined by tilted-block relief, granite high country, snowpack-fed rivers, and a Great Basin rain shadow.
Southern Alps / Kā Tiritiri o te Moana
New Zealand's axial mountain range, shaped by Alpine Fault uplift, glacial relief, divided drainage, and a strong west-east rainfall contrast.
Taurus Mountains
A southern Anatolian mountain system linking limestone massifs, karst drainage, Mediterranean slopes, plateau margins, and divided headwaters.
Tian Shan
A Central Asian mountain system linking high peaks, glaciers, interior basins, desert margins, and source-region runoff.
Transantarctic Mountains
An Antarctic mountain belt linking rift-flank uplift, outlet glaciers, dry valleys, and the divide between East and West Antarctica.
Ural Mountains
An ancient Eurasian range linking low-to-moderate relief, river divides, continental climates, and the boundary between major plains.
Verkhoyansk Range
A northeastern Siberian mountain arc linking fold-and-thrust ridges, Lena and Yana drainage divides, permafrost, and a strong record of former glaciation.
Western Ghats
A western Indian plateau-edge range linking steep escarpments, monsoon rainfall, divided drainage, high southern massifs, and an interior rain shadow.
Yablonoi Mountains
A Transbaikal watershed range linking ancient crystalline uplands, fault-guided valleys, continental climate, and the Yenisei, Lena, and Amur drainage systems.
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Zagros Mountains
A Western Asian fold belt linking parallel ridges, Iranian Plateau margins, Mesopotamian drainage, and dryland climate transitions.
Thumbnail image credits 45 sources
Images are stored locally or hosted by the credited provider. Creator, source, and usage details for each centre-cropped thumbnail are listed below.
- Alaska Range — Frank K. from Anchorage, Alaska, USA, CC BY 2.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Alps — Terra (EOS AM-1) satellite, Public domain. Centre-cropped for display.
- Altai Mountains — Rudyologist, CC BY-SA 4.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Andes — Diego Delso, CC BY-SA 3.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Apennine Mountains — Geography Atlas, generated with OpenAI, Original AI-generated project asset. Centre-cropped for display.
- Appalachian Mountains — J Guth, CC BY-SA 3.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Atlas Mountains — Mounir Neddi, CC BY-SA 4.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Balkan Mountains — Geography Atlas, generated with OpenAI, Original AI-generated project asset. Centre-cropped for display.
- Brooks Range — U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Public domain. Centre-cropped for display.
- Cantabrian Mountains — Geography Atlas, generated with OpenAI, Original AI-generated project asset. Centre-cropped for display.
- Carpathian Mountains — Jakub Krajňák, CC0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Cascade Range — Dllu, CC BY-SA 4.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Caucasus Mountains — Bourrichon - fr:Bourrichon with English translations, additions, and corrections by Ketone16 (partly following Yuri Koryakov), CC BY-SA 4.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Central Mountain Range of New Guinea — Geography Atlas, generated with OpenAI, Original AI-generated project asset. Centre-cropped for display.
- Coast Mountains — Image courtesy of the Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit, NASA Johnson Space Center, Public domain. Centre-cropped for display.
- Cordillera Blanca — Geography Atlas, generated with OpenAI, Original AI-generated project asset. Centre-cropped for display.
- Dinaric Alps — Geography Atlas, generated with OpenAI, Original AI-generated project asset. Centre-cropped for display.
- Drakensberg — Diriye Amey from Locarno, Switzerland, CC BY 2.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Eastern Ghats — Geography Atlas, generated with OpenAI, Original AI-generated project asset. Centre-cropped for display.
- Great Dividing Range — Mindtravelfitness, CC BY-SA 4.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Himalayas — NASA Landsat image, Public domain. Centre-cropped for display.
- Hindu Kush — Ninara from Helsinki, Finland, CC BY 2.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Japanese Alps — BehBeh, CC BY-SA 3.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Karakoram — Guilhem Vellut from Paris, CC BY-SA 2.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Kunlun Mountains — Alliance française de Wuhan, CC BY-SA 3.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Pamir Mountains — AmanovDmitry, CC BY 3.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Pindus Mountains — Geography Atlas, generated with OpenAI, Original AI-generated project asset. Centre-cropped for display.
- Pontic Mountains — Geography Atlas, generated with OpenAI, Original AI-generated project asset. Centre-cropped for display.
- Pyrenees — The original uploader was Nhamblen at English Wikipedia., CC BY-SA 3.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Rocky Mountains — Gorgo, Public domain. Centre-cropped for display.
- Rwenzori Mountains — Agripio at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Sayan Mountains — Geography Atlas, generated with OpenAI, Original AI-generated project asset. Centre-cropped for display.
- Sierra Madre Occidental — Geography Atlas, generated with OpenAI, Original AI-generated project asset. Centre-cropped for display.
- Sierra Madre Oriental — Geography Atlas, generated with OpenAI, Original AI-generated project asset. Centre-cropped for display.
- Sierra Nevada — Jeffrey Pang from Pittsburgh, PA, USA, CC BY 2.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Southern Alps / Kā Tiritiri o te Moana — Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Land Rapid Response Team at NASA GSFC, Public domain. Centre-cropped for display.
- Taurus Mountains — Geography Atlas, generated with OpenAI, Original AI-generated project asset. Centre-cropped for display.
- Tian Shan — Maryliflower, CC BY-SA 4.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Transantarctic Mountains — Hannes Grobe, Alfred Wegener Institute, CC BY-SA 2.5. Centre-cropped for display.
- Ural Mountains — ugraland [1] from Moscow, Russia, CC BY 2.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Verkhoyansk Range — Geography Atlas, generated with OpenAI, Original AI-generated project asset. Centre-cropped for display.
- Western Ghats — Geography Atlas, generated with OpenAI, Original AI-generated project asset. Centre-cropped for display.
- Yablonoi Mountains — Geography Atlas, generated with OpenAI, Original AI-generated project asset. Centre-cropped for display.
- Zagros Mountains — Terpsichores, CC BY-SA 3.0. Centre-cropped for display.