Himalayas
A flagship mountain record tying together altitude, ice, river headwaters, and connected upland systems.
Mountain Hub
Mountain systems, peaks, and high plateaus.
The mountain hub collects major ranges, elevated landforms, and cryosphere-linked uplands. It supports records focused on relief, elevation, glaciers, source basins, and the structure of linked highland regions.
Lead Records
Start with the atlas anchors
These pages give the mountain section a stable spine and enough depth to support future additions like volcanic arcs, plateaus, and alpine basins.
Alaska Range
A high-latitude mountain arc shaped by active faults, central massifs, valley glaciers, river headwaters, and a strong climate divide.
Brooks Range
An Arctic mountain system shaped by folded ridges, glacial valleys, permafrost, divided drainage, and a strong climate boundary.
Andes
A continental-scale cordillera linking volcanic belts, altiplano basins, Pacific margins, and sharp climatic contrasts.
Alps
A compact European highland system known for classic alpine landforms, glaciation, and major watershed divides.
Southern Alps
New Zealand's axial mountain range, shaped by Alpine Fault uplift, glacial relief, divided drainage, and a strong west-east rainfall contrast.
Carpathian Mountains
A central and eastern European mountain arc framing the Pannonian Basin, Danube tributaries, high massifs, and forested ridges.
Pyrenees
A Franco-Iberian range linking Atlantic and Mediterranean margins, glacial basins, drainage divides, and sharp climate contrasts.
Scandinavian Mountains
A Nordic highland belt linking Caledonian structure, glacial plateaus, fjords, divided drainage, and strong west-east climate contrasts.
Appalachian Mountains
An eastern North American upland system shaped by ancient folds, long ridges, dissected plateaus, and divided drainage.
Karakoram
A severe high-mountain region where extreme relief, immense glaciers, and very high peaks dominate the landscape.
Hindu Kush
A high mountain system linking deep valleys, active relief, divided drainage, snow and ice, and the western Asian highlands.
Pamir Mountains
A high inner Asian mountain knot linking sharp western relief, broad eastern basins, glaciers, and divided headwaters.
Transantarctic Mountains
An Antarctic mountain belt linking rift-flank uplift, outlet glaciers, dry valleys, and the divide between East and West Antarctica.
Tian Shan
A Central Asian mountain system linking high peaks, glaciers, interior basins, desert margins, and source-region runoff.
Kunlun Mountains
A northern Tibetan Plateau mountain system linking high massifs, glaciers, interior-basin headwaters, dry piedmonts, and active relief.
Japanese Alps
A central Honshu mountain system linking three high ranges, active uplift, deep valleys, river divides, and contrasting maritime snowfall.
Altai Mountains
An inner Asian highland system linking glaciated massifs, Ob and Irtysh headwaters, enclosed basins, and strong continental climate gradients.
Rocky Mountains
A North American mountain system linking continental divides, intermontane basins, plateaus, and major river headwaters.
Sierra Nevada
A California range defined by tilted-block relief, granite high country, snowpack-fed rivers, and a Great Basin rain shadow.
Cascade Range
A Pacific-margin mountain belt shaped by subduction volcanism, glaciated relief, snow-fed rivers, and a pronounced eastern rain shadow.
Coast Mountains
A Pacific coastal system of granitic massifs, icefields, fjords, cross-range rivers, heavy maritime precipitation, and an interior rain shadow.
Atlas Mountains
A North African range where uplift, Mediterranean influence, and desert-margin transitions meet along a complex mountain belt.
Zagros Mountains
A Western Asian fold belt linking parallel ridges, Iranian Plateau margins, Mesopotamian drainage, and dryland climate transitions.
Great Dividing Range
An eastern Australian upland system organizing escarpments, river catchments, and long stretches of elevated terrain.
Caucasus
A high-relief mountain barrier between the Black and Caspian seas with glaciers, sharp elevation gradients, and major divides.
Ural Mountains
An ancient Eurasian range linking low-to-moderate relief, river divides, continental climates, and the boundary between major plains.
Drakensberg
A southern African escarpment and mountain region notable for basalt uplands, cliffed fronts, and plateau-edge relief.
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Rwenzori Mountains
An equatorial East African fault-block range linking ancient crystalline massifs, deep valleys, glacial terrain, heavy rainfall, and Nile-basin headwaters.
Thumbnail image credits 29 sources
Images are stored locally from Wikimedia Commons. Each centre-cropped thumbnail remains under its listed licence, with creator and source details below.
- Himalayas — NASA Landsat image, Public domain. Centre-cropped for display.
- Alaska Range — Frank K. from Anchorage, Alaska, USA, CC BY 2.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Brooks Range — U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Public domain. Centre-cropped for display.
- Andes — Diego Delso, CC BY-SA 3.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Alps — Terra (EOS AM-1) satellite, Public domain. Centre-cropped for display.
- Southern Alps — Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Land Rapid Response Team at NASA GSFC, Public domain. Centre-cropped for display.
- Carpathian Mountains — Jakub Krajňák, CC0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Pyrenees — The original uploader was Nhamblen at English Wikipedia., CC BY-SA 3.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Appalachian Mountains — J Guth, CC BY-SA 3.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Karakoram — Guilhem Vellut from Paris, CC BY-SA 2.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Hindu Kush — Ninara from Helsinki, Finland, CC BY 2.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Pamir Mountains — AmanovDmitry, CC BY 3.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Transantarctic Mountains — Hannes Grobe, Alfred Wegener Institute, CC BY-SA 2.5. Centre-cropped for display.
- Tian Shan — Maryliflower, CC BY-SA 4.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Kunlun Mountains — Alliance française de Wuhan, CC BY-SA 3.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Japanese Alps — BehBeh, CC BY-SA 3.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Altai Mountains — Rudyologist, CC BY-SA 4.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Rocky Mountains — Gorgo, Public domain. Centre-cropped for display.
- Sierra Nevada — Jeffrey Pang from Pittsburgh, PA, USA, CC BY 2.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Cascade Range — Dllu, CC BY-SA 4.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Coast Mountains — Image courtesy of the Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit, NASA Johnson Space Center, Public domain. Centre-cropped for display.
- Atlas Mountains — Mounir Neddi, CC BY-SA 4.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Zagros Mountains — Terpsichores, CC BY-SA 3.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Great Dividing Range — Mindtravelfitness, CC BY-SA 4.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Caucasus — Bourrichon - fr:Bourrichon with English translations, additions, and corrections by Ketone16 (partly following Yuri Koryakov), CC BY-SA 4.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Ural Mountains — ugraland [1] from Moscow, Russia, CC BY 2.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Drakensberg — Diriye Amey from Locarno, Switzerland, CC BY 2.0. Centre-cropped for display.
- Rwenzori Mountains — Agripio at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0. Centre-cropped for display.