Geography Atlas
River Hub

River systems, basins, and downstream structure.

The rivers hub organizes long freshwater corridors, tributary systems, deltas, floodplains, and waterfall-linked morphology into one durable browse path.

Aerial photograph of the Amazon River branching around green islands and floodplain forest.
Amazon River · Brazil Image: ESA · CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO
Lead Records

Major freshwater references

River pages should connect flow direction, basin shape, floodplain patterns, delta form, and linked wetlands without losing geographic clarity.

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River System

Amazon River

A basin-scale river record linking Andean source regions, major tributaries, floodplain storage, and the Atlantic outlet.

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Northeast Asian Basin

Amur River

A northeast Asian river record covering Shilka and Argun headwaters, border valleys, monsoon floods, major tributaries, and a Sea of Okhotsk outlet.

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Trans-Himalayan Basin

Brahmaputra River

A plateau-to-delta river record covering the Yarlung Tsangpo, eastern Himalayan gorges, the Assam floodplain, monsoon flow, and the Bengal delta.

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Canyon and Desert Basin

Colorado River

A mountain-fed southwestern river record covering snowmelt headwaters, plateau canyons, desert tributaries, reservoirs, and the Gulf of California outlet.

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Equatorial Basin

Congo River

A central African basin record covering equatorial rainfall, large tributaries, lowland floodplains, lower-river rapids, and the Atlantic outlet.

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Central European Waterway

Danube River

A cross-European river record linking Black Forest headwaters, basin transitions, tributaries, gorge reaches, and the Black Sea delta.

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Eastern European Basin

Dnieper River

A plain-crossing river record linking Valdai Hills headwaters, snowmelt flow, major tributaries, reservoir reaches, and the Black Sea estuary.

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Central European Basin

Elbe River

A highland-to-estuary river record linking Krkonoše headwaters, Bohemian basins, sandstone gorges, lowland floodplains, major tributaries, and the North Sea.

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British Columbia Pacific Basin

Fraser River

A mountain-to-delta river record linking Rocky Mountain headwaters, interior plateaus, Fraser Canyon, a snowmelt freshet, the lower floodplain, and the Strait of Georgia.

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Himalayan Basin

Ganges River

A South Asian river record covering Himalayan headwaters, monsoon flow, floodplain storage, and the Bengal delta.

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Peninsular Indian Basin

Godavari River

A west-to-east river record linking Western Ghats headwaters, the Deccan Plateau, monsoon tributaries, an Eastern Ghats gorge, and a Bay of Bengal delta.

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Arid Basin

Indus River

A mountain-fed dryland river record with highland runoff, tributary plains, irrigation corridors, and an Arabian Sea outlet.

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Transboundary Ob Basin

Irtysh River

A mountain-to-lowland river record linking Mongolian Altai headwaters, Lake Zaysan, Kazakhstan's steppe, major tributaries, seasonal ice, and the Ob confluence.

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Northeast Siberian Arctic Basin

Kolyma River

A northeast Siberian river record linking upland headwaters, reservoir reaches, permafrost lowlands, snowmelt floods, major tributaries, and an East Siberian Sea delta.

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Siberian Arctic Basin

Lena River

A Siberian river record covering Baikal-region headwaters, permafrost lowlands, seasonal ice, tributaries, and a Laptev Sea delta.

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Southern African Dryland Basin

Limpopo River

A transboundary river record linking Marico–Crocodile headwaters, sandy border reaches, seasonal tributaries, Mozambique floodplains, and an Indian Ocean estuary.

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French Atlantic Basin

Loire River

A mountain-to-Atlantic river record linking Massif Central headwaters, major tributaries, sandy floodplains, seasonal flow, and a tide-dominated estuary.

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Canadian Arctic Basin

Mackenzie River

A northwestern Canadian river record covering Great Slave Lake, major tributaries, the Mackenzie Valley, seasonal ice, permafrost terrain, and a Beaufort Sea delta.

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Amazon Tributary

Madeira River

An Andean-fed whitewater river record linking the Beni and Mamoré, a former rapid belt, Amazon lowlands, seasonal floods, and sediment transfer to the main Amazon channel.

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Northern Andean Basin

Magdalena River

An inter-Andean river record linking Colombian Massif headwaters, cordillera-framed valleys, the Cauca confluence, Mompox floodplains, and a Caribbean outlet.

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Southeast Asian Basin

Mekong River

A monsoon river record linking plateau sources, mainland valleys, Tonle Sap storage, flood pulses, and delta distributaries.

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North American Basin

Mississippi River

A continental interior basin record covering tributary junctions, alluvial floodplains, seasonal flow, and the Gulf of Mexico outlet.

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Lake Winnipeg–Hudson Bay Basin

Nelson River

A lake-fed northern Manitoba river record linking Lake Winnipeg, Shield lake basins and rapids, regulated flow, seasonal ice, and a Hudson Bay outlet.

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West African Basin

Niger River

A sweeping West African river record linking Guinea Highland sources, the Inner Niger Delta, Sahelian flow, major tributaries, and the Gulf of Guinea delta.

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River System

Nile River

A foundational basin record with floodplain corridors, confluences, and delta structure.

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West Siberian Basin

Ob River

A western Siberian river record covering Altai headwaters, the Ob-Irtysh network, floodplain wetlands, seasonal ice, and a Kara Sea outlet.

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Inland Delta Basin

Okavango River

An endorheic southern African river record linking Angolan plateau headwaters, the Cubango–Cuito system, a Kavango border reach, delayed floods, and Botswana's inland delta.

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Atlantic Dryland Basin

Orange River

A west-flowing southern African river record linking Lesotho Highland headwaters, the Vaal confluence, plateau reservoirs, Augrabies gorge, desert reaches, and an Atlantic estuary.

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Llanos Basin

Orinoco River

A northern South American river record covering shield margins, savanna floodplains, seasonal wetlands, and an Atlantic delta.

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La Plata Basin

Parana River

A South American river record with plateau tributaries, falls-linked reaches, reservoirs, wetlands, and a Rio de la Plata outlet.

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Northern Italian Basin

Po River

An Alpine-fed river record linking Monte Viso headwaters, the Po Plain, Alpine and Apennine tributaries, seasonal flow, alluvial floodplains, and an Adriatic delta.

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Western Amazon Tributary

Purus River

A low-gradient river record linking Peruvian headwaters, extensive meanders, floodplain lakes, seasonal high water, lowland tributaries, and a Solimões confluence.

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Alpine Basin

Rhine River

A European river record linking Alpine headwaters, rift-valley reaches, tributaries, floodplains, and a North Sea delta.

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Mountain and Desert Basin

Rio Grande

A southwestern North American river record linking Rocky Mountain snowmelt, rift valleys, desert basins, canyon reaches, tributaries, and the Gulf of Mexico.

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Great Lakes–Atlantic System

Saint Lawrence River

A lake-fed river and estuary record linking the Great Lakes basin, glacial lowlands, tributaries, seasonal ice, and the Gulf of St. Lawrence.

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Southeast Asian Gorge River

Salween River

A plateau-to-estuary river record covering Nu Jiang headwaters, Yunnan and Myanmar gorges, monsoon tributaries, boundary valleys, and the Gulf of Mottama outlet.

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Sahelian Atlantic Basin

Senegal River

A western African river record linking Fouta Djallon headwaters, the Bafing–Bakoye confluence, a broad Sahelian floodplain valley, and an Atlantic delta.

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Central Asian Interior Basin

Syr Darya

A Tien Shan-fed river record linking the Naryn and Kara Darya, the Fergana Valley, regulated dryland reaches, and the North Aral Sea.

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Iberian Plateau Basin

Tagus River

A west-flowing Iberian river record linking mountain headwaters, plateau valleys, seasonal hydrology, regulated reaches, and a broad Atlantic estuary.

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Central Brazilian Basin

Tocantins River

A plateau-to-estuary river record linking Goiás highlands, seasonal tributaries, the Araguaia confluence, regulated reaches, and a tidal Pará–Marajó outlet.

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La Plata Basin

Uruguay River

A subtropical South American river record linking Serra Geral headwaters, basalt-controlled upper reaches, international boundary sections, seasonal flow, and the Rio de la Plata.

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Polish Baltic Basin

Vistula River

A south-to-north river record linking Beskid headwaters, foreland basins, Carpathian tributaries, central lowlands, the Żuławy delta, and the Baltic Sea.

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Interior European Basin

Volga River

A Russian interior river record covering upland sources, broad tributary plains, reservoirs, and the Caspian Sea delta.

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East Asian Watercourse

Yangtze River

A plateau-to-coast river record covering headwaters, gorge reaches, monsoon hydrology, floodplain lakes, and the East China Sea outlet.

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Loess Plateau Basin

Yellow River

A northern Chinese river record covering plateau headwaters, the Ordos Loop, loess sediment, alluvial plains, and the Bohai Sea outlet.

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Central Siberian Basin

Yenisei River

A central Siberian river record linking Sayan headwaters, plateau tributaries, snowmelt floods, seasonal ice, permafrost terrain, and the Kara Sea.

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Subarctic North American Basin

Yukon River

A northwestern North American river record covering mountain-lake headwaters, interior plateaus, major tributaries, seasonal ice, permafrost terrain, and a Bering Sea delta.

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Southern African Basin

Zambezi River

A plateau river record linking tributary basins, Victoria Falls, gorge reaches, reservoirs, floodplains, and an Indian Ocean outlet.

Thumbnail image credits 50 sources

Images are stored locally or hosted by the credited provider. Creator, source, and usage details for each centre-cropped thumbnail are listed below.

  1. Amazon River — ESA, CC BY-SA IGO 3.0, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO. Centre-cropped for display.
  2. Amur River — Original uploader was Refrain at zh.wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  3. Brahmaputra River — Pfly, CC BY-SA 3.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  4. Colorado River — Charles Wang, CC BY-SA 4.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  5. Congo River — MONUSCO/Myriam Asmani, CC BY-SA 2.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  6. Danube River — Visions of Domino, CC BY 2.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  7. Dnieper River — Dmitry A. Mottl, CC BY-SA 3.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  8. Elbe River — Marcin Szala (Pudelek), CC BY-SA 4.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  9. Fraser River — Andrew Bowden, CC BY-SA 2.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  10. Ganges River — Babasteve, CC BY 2.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  11. Godavari River — Vishalnagula, CC BY-SA 4.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  12. Indus River — Heavyrunner, CC BY-SA 3.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  13. Irtysh River — Zac allan, Public domain. Centre-cropped for display.
  14. Kolyma River — misspudding, CC BY 2.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  15. Lena River — Linjye, CC BY-SA 4.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  16. Limpopo River — Bernard DUPONT, CC BY-SA 2.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  17. Loire River — Croquant, CC BY-SA 3.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  18. Mackenzie River — David Adamec, Public domain. Centre-cropped for display.
  19. Madeira River — James Martins, CC BY 3.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  20. Magdalena River — Bernard Gagnon, CC BY-SA 4.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  21. Mekong River — Bjørn Christian Tørrissen, CC BY-SA 4.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  22. Mississippi River — NPS photo, Public domain. Centre-cropped for display.
  23. Murray-Darling River System — Tim J Keegan, CC BY-SA 2.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  24. Nelson River — US Mission Canada, CC BY 2.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  25. Niger River — NigerTZai, CC BY-SA 4.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  26. Nile River — Fiktube, CC BY-SA 4.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  27. Ob River — Dmitry Karyshev, CC BY 2.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  28. Okavango River — Christoph Strässler, CC BY-SA 4.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  29. Orange River — Dicklyon, CC BY-SA 4.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  30. Orinoco River — jkaiser, CC BY 2.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  31. Parana River — Chocofrito, CC BY-SA 4.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  32. Po River — Nicola Quirico, CC BY-SA 4.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  33. Purus River — Michael Kleiman, Public domain. Centre-cropped for display.
  34. Rhine River — Lucazzitto, CC BY-SA 3.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  35. Rio Grande — Glysiak, CC BY-SA 3.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  36. Saint Lawrence River — abdallahh, CC BY 2.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  37. Salween River — Saosukham, CC BY-SA 4.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  38. Senegal River — WILLAV-FR, CC BY-SA 4.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  39. Syr Darya — Petar Milošević, CC BY-SA 3.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  40. Tagus River — Mheberger, CC BY-SA 4.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  41. Tigris-Euphrates River System — Kmusser, CC BY-SA 2.5. Centre-cropped for display.
  42. Tocantins River — בן הטבע at Hebrew Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 2.5. Centre-cropped for display.
  43. Uruguay River — Wikimedia Commons contributor, CC BY-SA 3.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  44. Vistula River — Steven1991, CC BY-SA 4.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  45. Volga River — Alexxx1979, CC BY-SA 4.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  46. Yangtze River — Andrew Hitchcock, CC BY 2.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  47. Yellow River — fading, CC BY-SA 3.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  48. Yenisei River — Igrsan, CC BY-SA 4.0. Centre-cropped for display.
  49. Yukon River — U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Public domain. Centre-cropped for display.
  50. Zambezi River — Brian McMorrow, CC BY-SA 2.5. Centre-cropped for display.